What is the best description of 'pitch' in relation to a ship's movement?

Pitch refers to the forward and backward movement of a ship along its longitudinal axis. This motion occurs when the bow (front) of the ship rises and falls relative to the stern (back), akin to the way a seesaw moves. When a ship pitches, it experiences changes in its angle relative to the waterline, which can affect stability and maneuverability. Understanding pitch is crucial for managing a vessel's performance in various sea conditions, as it directly influences the ship's ability to navigate safely and efficiently.

The other options pertain to different types of motion: side-to-side motion describes roll, permanent list refers to a constant tilt or lean, and stable horizontal balance relates more to a ship's overall stability rather than its dynamic motion.